I-warehouse eshesha kakhulu akuyona leyo enezisetshenziswa eziningi-yiyona lapho wonke umsebenzi wokukhetha ufika endaweni efanele ngesikhathi esifanele.Njengoba amanani e-oda akhula kanye nezakhiwo ze-SKU ziba nzima kakhulu, ukuqokwa kwempahla kungase kube isithiyo ngokushesha phakathi kokugcinwa kwempahla nokuthunyelwa kokugcina. Ukuhamba mathupha, ukusesha ngokuphindaphindiwe, amanani anganembile, nokutholakala kwemisebenzi okulinganiselwe konke kungathintaukusebenza kahle kokugcwaliseka kwe-oda.
Okwesimanjeamasistimu wokukhetha azenzakalelayonikeza indlela ehlukile. Esikhundleni sokuthembela ngokuphelele kubasebenzi ukuze bathole, bathole, futhi bathole imikhiqizo yokuthutha, izindawo zokugcina impahla zingahlanganisa amarobhothi, isitoreji esizenzakalelayo, imiyalelo yedijithali, ama-conveyors, isofthiwe, nezindawo zokusebenza ezihlakaniphile ukuze zenze inqubo yokukhetha ehlanganiswe kakhudlwana.
Isixazululo esifanele, nokho, sincike ekuhlelweni kwendlu yokugcina impahla, izici ze-SKU, iphrofayili ye-oda, inani elidingekayo, kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okutholakalayo. Ngezansi kunezinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili ezinkulu zeamasistimu wokukhetha amasheyakanye nezimo lapho ngayinye ingaletha ukubaluleka okungokoqobo.

Yiziphi Amasistimu Wokukhetha Okuzenzakalelayo?
Anuhlelo lokukhetha oluzenzakalelayoisebenzisa okokusebenza kwemishini, isofthiwe, izinzwa, noma amarobhothi ukusiza noma ukwenza inqubo yokubuyisela imikhiqizo kuma-oda ekhasimende.
Ukugeleza komsebenzi okujwayelekile kungaxhuma:
Ukuphathwa Kwe-oda → WMS/WES → Ukunikezwa Kwempahla → Ukukhetha → Ukudlulisa → Ukuhlunga → Ukupakisha → Ukuthumela
Izinga le-automation lingasukela ku-opharetha{0}}kubuchwepheshe bosizo ukuya ekukhetheni amarobhothi ngokugcwele. Amanye amasistimu anciphisa ibanga isisebenzi esilidingayo ukuze silihambe, kuyilapho amanye esusa ngokuphelele ukubuyiswa komkhiqizo owenziwa ngesandla.
Okwezindawo zokugcina izimpahla eziphatha-ama-oda okuhweba e-e, izingxenye eziyisipele, imikhiqizo ye-FMCG, imithi, izinto zikagesi, izingxenye zokukhiqiza, nokunye okuphezulu{1}}izinhlu ze-SKU, ukukhetha ezifanelei-warehouse picking automationIsu lingaba nomthelela oqondile ekuphumeni nasekusebenzeni ngokungaguquguquki.
8 Izinhlobo Zezinhlelo Zokukhetha Ezizenzakalelayo
Izimpahla-ziya-Amasistimu Wokukhetha Umuntu
Izimpahla-ziya{1}}kumuntu (GTP) ezicoshayoishintsha indlela yokusebenza yendlu yokugcina impahla ngokuletha i-inventory ku-opharetha omile esikhundleni sokudinga isisebenzisi ukuthi sihambe kuyo yonke indawo yokugcina impahla.
Ngokuya ngohlelo lokusebenza, izimpahla zingalethwa ngemishini ye-AS/RS, amasistimu eshuttle, ama-AMR, okokugcina okumile, noma obunye ubuchwepheshe bezokuthutha obuzenzakalelayo.
Umsebenzisi uhlala esiteshini sokukhetha ngenkathi isistimu ithola ithoyizi edingekayo, umgqomo, ibhokisi, noma enye iyunithi yomthwalo.
Ukuhamba kancane nokuhamba okungadingekile
Ukusetshenziswa okungcono{0}}kwesitoreji esiminyana kakhulu
Ukukhiqiza okungaguquguquki kokukhetha
Umthwalo womzimba owehlisiwe
Ifanele ukugcwaliswa kwama-oda amaningi-e-SKU ephindaphindayo
I-GTP ikhanga kakhulu ezikhungweni zokusabalalisa lapho imvamisa yoku-oda iphezulu nendawo yaphansi ibiza.
AMR-Umuntu Osizwayo-ekukhethweni{2}}Kwempahla
Akuyona yonke indawo yokugcina impahla edinga ukuklama kabusha ingqalasizinda yayo yokugcina impahla.Amarobhothi eselula azenzakalelayo (ama-AMR)esikhundleni salokho ingakwazi ukusekela umuntu okhona-ukuthi{1}}impahla isebenze.
I-AMR iya endaweni edingekayo yokukhetha, ilandela imizila ethuthukisiwe, futhi inikeza ukwesekwa kwezokuthutha kuyilapho isisebenzi senza ukukhetha kwangempela komkhiqizo.
Le ndlela ingaba wusizo lapho izakhiwo zendlu yokugcina izinto zishintsha njalo noma lapho izinkampani zifuna ukwethula okuzenzakalelayo ngokuqhubekayo.
Izikhungo ezinkulu zokusabalalisa
Izitolo ezikhona ezenziwe ngezandla
Amalungiselelo e-SKU aguquguqukayo
Imisebenzi edinga i-automation eguquguqukayo
Izinsiza lapho ukuguqulwa kwengqalasizinda kufanele kuncishiswe
Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-automation ehleliwe, amarobhothi eselula anganikeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu lapho izindawo zokugcina noma izidingo zokusebenza zishintsha.
Khetha-kuya-kuLight Systems
Khetha-ukuze{1}}khanyise amasistimusebenzisa izinkomba ezikhanyisiwe ezifakwe eduze nezindawo zokugcina. Uma i-oda likhishwa, izibani ezifanele zikhomba ukuthi kufanele zikhethwe kuphi futhi mangaki amayunithi.
Umsebenzisi ulandela iziqondiso ezibukwayo esikhundleni sokuqhubeka ehlola uhlu lwamaphepha noma izinto eziphathwayo.
Lokhu kwenza ukukhetha{0}}ukuba{1}}kukhanye kusebenziseke ikakhulukaziukuphakama{0}}ivolumu encane-ukukhetha izinto, lapho abasebenzi bengaphatha ama-SKU amaningi ngesikhathi seshifu eyodwa.
Ukukhonjwa okusheshayo kwezindawo zokukhetha
Ukuncika okuncishisiwe emiyalweni yephepha
Isikhathi sokuqeqesha esifushane
Ukunemba kwenani okuthuthukisiwe
Isebenza kahle ezindaweni eziminyene ze-SKU
Ukukhetha-kuya-ukukhanya kungabuye kuhlanganiswe nama-conveyor, okokusebenza kokuhlunga, izinkundla ze-WMS, nezinqola zokukhetha ukuze kwakhiwe ububanzi obubanzi.uhlelo lokukhetha i-warehouse.
I-Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems (AS/RS)
I-Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems (AS/RS)hlanganisa izinto zokugcina, izimoto ezizenzakalelayo noma ama-cranes, isofthiwe yokulawula, kanye nengqondo yokubuyisa ukuze ulawule i-inventory ngokungenelela okwenziwa ngesandla okulinganiselwe.
Ukukhethwa okusekelwe ku-AS/RS{0}kubalulekile ikakhulukazi uma izindawo zokugcina impahla zidinga ukusebenzisa kangcono indawo eqondile kuyilapho zigcina ukufinyelela okusheshayo kuhlu lwamagama.
Ngokuya ngohlobo lomthwalo nezimfuneko zendlu yokugcina impahla, ukulungiselelwa okuhlukile kungacatshangelwa, okuhlanganisa izixazululo ezisuselwe kuphalethi{{0}ezisekelwe ku-tote/bin{1}.
Isitoreji-sokuminyana okuphezulu
Ukubuyisa okuzenzakalelayo
Ukulawula indawo yokusungula engcono
Ukuncika ekusesheni mathupha
Amandla okuhlanganiswa aqinile nge-WMS/WES
Ukusetshenziswa kahle kwendawo yokugcina impahla eqondile
Ezikhungweni ezibhekene nemikhawulo yomhlaba noma izimfuneko ezikhulayo zesitoreji, i-AS/RS ingaba ingxenye ebalulekile ye-uhlelo lwe-warehouse oluzenzakalelayo.
Ukukhetha Izwi{{0}okuqondile
Ukukhetha izwiisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokubona inkulumo ukuze inikeze imiyalelo ngehedisethi. Esikhundleni sokuqhubeka nokubheka itheminali ephathwa ngesandla, u-opharetha uthola ulwazi mayelana nendawo elandelayo, i-SKU, nenani elidingekayo ngemiyalo yezwi.
Isisebenzi singaqinisekisa imisebenzi ngomlomo, sigcine izandla zombili zikhona ukuze ziphathwe.
Ukudla kanye nokusabalalisa kwe-FMCG
Ukukhetha{0}}into enkulu
Izitolo{0}}ezibandayo
Imisebenzi{0}}yokugcwalisa izindawo eziningi
Ama-warehouse anezinhlu zama-oda ezishintsha njalo
Ukukhetha{0}izwi okuqondisiwe akusona isixazululo esizenzakalelayo sokukhetha. Amandla ayo aphakathikusizwa ukucosha, lapho iziqondiso zedijithali zithuthukisa ukukhiqiza kwama-opharetha abantu.
Umbono-Ukukhetha Okuqondiswayo
Ukukhetha{0}okusekelwe kumbono kusebenzisa amakhamera, ukubona kwekhompuyutha, izibonisi, noma ubuchwepheshe obugqokekayo ukunikeza ulwazi olwengeziwe phakathi nokuhlonzwa komkhiqizo nokuwuthola.
Isistimu yombono ingasiza opharetha babone izindawo zokugcina, bakhombe imikhiqizo, baqinisekise imisebenzi yokukhetha, noma bazulazule ezinqubweni zokukhetha eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nokugeleza komsebenzi okusekelwe ephepheni okuvamile, umbono{1}}izisombululo eziqondisiwe zinganikeza ulwazi oluthe xaxa lwengqikithi ngqo endaweni yokusebenza.
Ukusekelwa kokuhlonza okuyinkimbinkimbi kwe-SKU
Izidingo ezincishisiwe zokuqeqeshwa komsebenzisi
Isiqondiso esingcono esibonakalayo
Ukuhambisana nokugeleza komsebenzi we-warehouse yedijithali
Ukuhlanganiswa okungase kube nombono womshini namarobhothi
Ezinqolobaneni ezinezinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo emikhulu noma i-inventory eshintsha njalo, ubuchwepheshe bokubona bungaba yingxenye ebalulekileohlakaniphile warehouse picking.
Amasistimu Wokukhetha Amarobhothi
A uhlelo lokukhetha i-roboticisebenzisa izingalo zerobhothi, ukubona komshini, ubuchwepheshe bokubamba, izinzwa, nesofthiwe yokulawula ukuhlonza nokuphatha imikhiqizo.
Ngokungafani nokukhetha okuvamile, okokusebenza kwerobhothi kungenza ukukhetha okuphindaphindiwe-futhi{1}}kubeke imisebenzi ngokuqhubekayo ngaphakathi kwezimo zokusebenza ezichaziwe.
Ukukhetha amarobhothi kuba namandla kakhulu uma kuhlanganisweizimpahla-kuya{1}}kumuntu okuzenzakalelayo. Impahla yesitoreji iletha amathoyizi noma iziqukathi endaweni yokusebenza yerobhothi, lapho irobhothi lihlonza liphinde libuyise izinto ezidingekayo.
Ukusebenza okuphindaphindayo
Ukuphatha mathupha okwehlisiwe
Ukuphindaphinda okuphezulu kokukhetha
Ukuhlanganiswa nesitoreji esizenzakalelayo
Ifanele{0}}ukugcwaliseka kwevolumu ephezulu
Ukusebenza kwangempela kuncike kakhulu kubukhulu be-SKU, ukupakishwa, isisindo, izici ezingaphezulu, ikhwalithi yokwethulwa, indlela yokubamba, nesikhathi esidingekayo somjikelezo.
Ukukhetha Isofthiwe Nokulawula Okuhlakaniphile
Ukuzenzakalela akukhona nje okokusebenza ngokomzimba.Ukukhetha isoftwareinikeza isinqumo-sesendlalelo sokwenza esixhumanisa ama-oda, impahla, okokusebenza, opharetha, nokuhamba phambili komsebenzi okubalulekile.
Indawo yokugcina impahla yesimanje ingase isebenzise i-WMS, i-WES, isofthiwe yokulawula indawo yokugcina impahla, noma izinkundla ezihlanganisiwe ukuze kunqunywe:
Iliphi i-oda okufanele licutshungulwe kuqala
Lapho i-inventory kufanele ilandwe
Isiphi isiteshi sokukhetha okufanele sithole umsebenzi
Indlela imishini okufanele ihlelwe ngayo
Imuphi umzila okufanele usetshenziswe
Lapho izimpahla ezikhethiwe kufanele zithuthelwe ekupakisheni noma ekuhlungeni
Lesi sendlalelo sesofthiwe sibalulekile uma ubuchwepheshe obuningi busebenza ndawonye. Ngaphandle kokuxhumana okufanele, ukwengeza okokusebenza okwengeziwe akudali ngokuzenzakalelayo inqolobane esebenza kahle kakhudlwana.
Ukuqhathanisa Okuzenzakalelayo Kwezinhlelo Zokukhetha
| Ukukhetha System | I-Automation Level | Amandla Ayinhloko | Uhlelo lokusebenza oluhle kakhulu | Isidingo sesikhala |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Izimpahla-kumuntu- | Phezulu | Yehlisa ukuhamba komsebenzisi | Ukugcwaliseka{0}} kwevolumu ephezulu | Okumaphakathi–Phezulu |
| AMR-Ukukhetha okusizwayo | Okumaphakathi–Phezulu | Izinto zokuhamba eziguquguqukayo | Izitolo ezinkulu ezikhona | Maphakathi |
| Khetha-ukuya-ekukhanyeni | Maphakathi | Isiqondiso esisheshayo esibonakalayo | Intwana-encane,{1}ukukhethwa okuphezulu kwe-SKU | Phansi–Phakathi |
| AS/RS Ukukhetha | Phezulu | Isitoreji esiminyene nokubuyiswa | Uhlu{0}}lokuminyana okuphezulu | Ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu okuqondile |
| Ukukhetha Izwi | Maphakathi | Ukusebenza -kwamahhala kwezandla | Izimo ze-SKU eziguquguqukayo | Phansi |
| Ukukhetha Umbono | Okumaphakathi–Phezulu | Ukuhlonza okubonakalayo | Izinhlobonhlobo zomkhiqizo eziyinkimbinkimbi | Phansi–Phakathi |
| Ukukhetha kweRobhothi | Phezulu | Ukuphatha okuphindaphindayo okuzenzakalelayo | Imisebenzi ejwayelekile{0}yevolumu ephezulu | Okumaphakathi–Phezulu |
| Ukukhetha Isoftware | Ivumela Isendlalelo | Ukuthuthukisa umsebenzi nokuhamba komsebenzi | Imisebenzi ye-warehouse ehlanganisiwe | N/A |
Akukho jikeleleuhlelo lokukhetha oluzenzakalelayo olungcono kakhulu. Kumaphrojekthi amaningi, umphumela onamandla kakhulu uvela ekuhlanganiseni ubuchwepheshe obuthile kunokukhetha isistimu eyodwa ngokuzimela.
Indlela Yokukhetha Isistimu Yokukhetha Okuzenzakalelayo Okulungile
Ngaphambi kokuthengaimpahla yokugcina impahla, amaqembu okuthenga kufanele ahlole indawo yokusebenza ephelele kunokugxila kuphela enanini lemishini.
Rekhoda ubukhulu bomkhiqizo, isisindo, uhlobo lokupakisha, ubuthakathaka, izinga lokushintshwa, kanye nendlela yokugcina. Isistimu eklanyelwe ama-tote afanayo ingase ingafaneleki amabhokisi angajwayelekile noma ukupakisha okuguquguqukayo.
Qonda ama-oda amaphakathi ngosuku, imigqa ye-oda ngalinye, -ivolumu yesizini ephezulu, isivinini se-SKU, nokuhlukahluka kwe-oda. Lezi zibalo zisiza ukunquma okudingekayoukukhetha ukuphuma.
Ubude bosilingi obutholakalayo, ububanzi bendawo, ukuminyana kwesitoreji, izindawo zokusebenza, imizila yokuthutha, nezidingo zokuphepha-zomlilo zingathonya ukukhetha kobuchwepheshe bokuzenzakalela.
Imishini yokukhetha kufanele ixhumane ngempumelelo nekhonaizinhlelo zokuphathwa kwempahlanezinye izinkundla zokulawula. Idatha ye-inventory yesikhathi sangempela-nokuvumelanisa komsebenzi kubaluleke kakhulu-emisebenzini yokugcwalisa izigaba eziningi.
Ukuthengwa kwempahla kufanele kucabangele ngaphezu kwezindleko zemishini yokuqala. Ukufakwa, isofthiwe, ukunakekelwa, izingxenye eziyisipele, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukuqeqeshwa komsebenzisi, ukuthuthukiswa kwesistimu, nesikhathi sokuphumula esingaba khona konke kufanele kufakwe ekuhlolweni kwe-ROI.
I-warehouse ingase icubungule ivolumu ye-oda lanamuhla ngendlela ehlukile kusukela eminyakeni emithathu kamuva. Modular futhi scalableizixazululo zokukhetha ezizenzakalelayokungenza ukunwetshwa kwamandla okuzayo kube lula.
Kungani KhethaIngceboukuze uthole Izixazululo Zokukhetha Okuzenzakalelayo?
Izinkampani ezifuna okuphelele isistimu yokukhetha i-warehouse ezenzakalelayo, I-Riches inikeza izixazululo zobunjiniyela bezindawo zokugcina impahla kanye nezixazululo ezihlakaniphile ezihlanganisa isitoreji, ukucosha, ukuphatha, amarobhothi, ukudlulisa, isofthiwe, nokulungiswa kabusha kwendawo yokugcina impahla.
I-Riches ikhethekile ekugcinweni kwezinto ezihlakaniphile kusukela ngo-2008 futhi inikeza izinsizakalo ezimbozaI-WMS, idizayini ye-warehouse ezenzakalelayo, i-AGV, ukuhlunga okuhlakaniphile, ukubona idatha, kanye{0}}nokusetshenziswa kwesayithi. Izixazululo zayo zihlinzeka ngokukhiqiza,{1}}kwezohwebo{2}}kwezohwebo, i-FMCG, ezemithi, nezinye izimboni.
Esikhundleni sokuphatha imishini yokukha njengomkhiqizo ongawodwa, i-Riches isondela ku-automation ngokombono wakho wonke ukuhamba komsebenzi we-warehouse. Iphothifoliyo yayo yesixazululo ihlanganisaizimpahla-ziya{1}}kumuntu, ukukhetha okuzenzakalelayo, iziteshi zamarobhothi, isofthiwe ye-warehouse, ukuphatha, isitoreji, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesistimu, okuvumela ubuchwepheshe obuhlukene ukuthi buhlanganiswe ngokuvumelana nezidingo zokusebenza zekhasimende.
Kubathengi bamazwe ngamazwe, le ndlela-yokuhlanganisa yesistimu ingaba usizo ikakhulukazi uma iphrojekthi idinga ukukhethwa kwempahla eyenziwe ngokwezifiso, ukuhlelwa kwendawo yokugcina impahla, ukuhlanganiswa kwesofthiwe, nosekelo lokuqalisa esikhundleni sokuvala{1}{2}}umshini weshalofu ojwayelekile.
Hlola i-Riches Automated Warehouse Solutions
6 Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Abathengi Ngaphambi Kokuthenga Amasistimu Wokukhetha Okuzenzakalelayo
Ukukhethwa kufanele kusekelwe kubukhulu nesisindo se-SKU, umthamo we-oda, imvamisa yokukhetha, ukwakheka kwendawo yokugcina impahla, ukuminyana kwesitoreji, inani lempahla edingekayo, ukutholakala kwabasebenzi, kanye ne-WMS ekhona. Umphakeli oqeqeshiwe kufanele ahlole le mingcele ngaphambi kokuncoma okokusebenza kunokuba anikeze ukucushwa okujwayelekile.
Yebo, kuye ngesakhiwo samanje nengqalasizinda. Ama-AMR, khetha{1}}ukukhanya, ukukhetha izwi, nezinye{3}izisombululo ezisuselwe ku-software ngokuvamile zingangeniswa ezinqolobaneni ezikhona ezinokulungiswa okuncane kwesakhiwo. I-AS/RS kanye ne-automation engaguquki ingase idinge ukuhlelwa okubanzi kwe-warehouse.
Okwesimanjeamasistimu wokukhetha amasheyaingaklanywa ukuxhumana ne-WMS, i-WES, amasistimu okulawula indawo yokugcina impahla, amapulatifomu e-ERP, kanye nenye isofthiwe yokusebenza. I-interface eqondile kanye nendlela yokuhlanganisa kufanele iqinisekiswe phakathi nesigaba sokuklama lobuchwepheshe.
Futhi akukho okungcono emhlabeni jikelele. Izimpahla-ziya{2}}kumuntu ngokuvamile ziba nenzuzo lapho ukukhetha ivolumu nokuminyana kwesitoreji kuqinisekisa ukuzenzela okuzinikezele. Ama-AMR angase athandeke kakhulu lapho ukuguquguquka, ukuqaliswa kwezigaba, noma ukushintsha izakhiwo ze-warehouse kubalulekile. Ukukhetha okulungile kuncike kumodeli yokusebenza.
Ikhono lokukhetha irobhothi lincike kurobhothi, into yokubamba, isistimu yokubona, ukupakishwa komkhiqizo, ubukhulu, isisindo, nezimo zokwethulwa. Ngokuvamile umphakeli kufanele enze ukuhlola komkhiqizo ngaphambi kokuqinisekisa ukucushwa kokugcina kokukhetha kwerobhothi.
Lungiselela ukwakheka kwendawo yokugcina impahla, ukuphakama kosilingi, ubukhulu bendawo yokubeka, uhlu lwe-SKU, izisindo nosayizi bomkhiqizo, isilinganiso nevolumu yokuhleleka okuphezulu, imigqa yoku-oda ngosuku, izidingo zokukhetha, ulwazi olukhona lwe-WMS/ERP, namandla azayo alindelekile. Idatha ephelele kakhulu ivumela umphakeli ukuthi akhe idatha enembe kakhudlwanaisixazululo esizenzakalelayo sokukhetha inqolobanekanye nesilinganiso sokutshalwa kwezimali.
Isiphetho
Ukuthuthukiswa kweamasistimu wokukhetha azenzakalelayoisusa imisebenzi ye-warehouse kude nokubuyiswa okwenziwa ngesandla iye kumasistimu ahlanganisiwe ahlanganisa isitoreji, ezokuthutha, isofthiwe, amarobhothi, kanye nokwenza izinqumo ezihlakaniphile-.
Izimpahla-eziya{1}}kumuntu zinganciphisa ukuhamba okungadingekile, ama-AMR ahlinzeka ngezinto zokuhamba eziguquguqukayo, akhethe-ukuthi{3}}ukukhanya kanye nobuchwepheshe bezwi buthuthukise ukusebenza kahle komsebenzisi, i-AS/RS inyusa ukuminyana kwesitoreji, kuyilapho ukukhetha kwerobhothi kungenza imisebenzi yokuphatha ephindaphindwayo ngokuzenzakalela. Ngemuva kwalobu buchwepheshe, i-WMS nesofthiwe yokulawula indawo yokugcina impahla ixhuma izinqubo zomuntu ngamunye ekuhambeni komsebenzi okukodwa.
Emaqenjini okuthenga, ukhiye akukhona nje ukuthenga imishini ethuthuke kakhulu. Indlela engcono ukufanisaUbuchwepheshe be-automation ye-warehouse enezici ze-SKU, ivolumu yoku-oda, okuhlosiwe kokuphumayo, isakhiwo, izidingo zokuhlanganisa, i-ROI, nezinhlelo zokunwetshwa zesikhathi esizayo.
Ngolwazi lokugcinwa kwempahla okuzenzakalelayo, ukucosha, ukuphatha, amarobhothi, ukuhlanganiswa kwesoftware, nokulungiswa kabusha kwendawo yokugcina impahla, i-Riches inganikeza izixazululo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso eziklanyelwe izidingo zangempela zesikhungo ngasinye.
Isu elilungile lokukhetha okuzenzakalelayo ekugcineni yilelo elithuthukisa ukugcwaliseka kwe-oda ngaphandle kokudala inkimbinkimbi engadingekile-futhi elingaqhubeka nokusekela ukukhula kwempahla njengoba isidingo sishintsha.





